Gastroenterology

A colonoscopy is a procedure used to examine the large bowel, rectum and a portion of the small intestine. It’s performed using a flexible endoscope called a colonoscope. If any abnormalities (such as polyps) are detected during the procedure, they can often be removed or biopsied during the same procedure.

Colonoscopies are often performed under full sedation, but it is sometimes possible to do them with little or no sedation. The most appropriate sedation option will be determined by the treating doctor.

Preparing for a colonoscopy

Preparation typically takes place over two to three days and may involve following a specific diet, fasting, and drinking a special bowel preparation solution to empty the large intestine. Detailed instructions are provided by the care team, and accurate preparation is essential for a successful procedure. Inadequate preparation may impact results and may require the procedure to be rescheduled. 

Colonoscopies can be used to assess and investigate: 

• a positive faecal occult blood test (FOBT)
• anaemia
• changes in bowel habit
• chronic constipation, diarrhoea or abdominal pain
• colorectal cancer
• inflammatory bowel disease
• irritable bowel syndrome
• rectal bleeding
• unexplained weight loss

For individuals with a personal history of polyps or a family history of colon cancer, regular colonoscopies every two to five years may be recommended by a gastroenterologist.

Colonoscopies can also be used to: 

• perform diagnostic biopsies and collect small tissue samples
• remove polyps

Sigmoidoscopy

Sigmoidoscopy is a procedure similar to colonoscopy but it examines only the lower part of the large intestine. It is less invasive and typically requires less preparation, but it does not provide a full view of the colon. A medical professional will determine the most appropriate procedure based on clinical needs.